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Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is a class of paraprofessionals who assist individuals with physical disabilities, mental impairments, and other health care needs with their activities of daily living (ADLs) and provide bedside care — including basic nursing procedures — all under the supervision of a registered nurse, licensed practical nurse or other health care professional. They provide care for patients in hospitals, residents of nursing facilities, clients in private homes, and others in need of their services due to effects of old age or disability. UAPs, by definition, do not hold a license or other mandatory professional requirements for practice, though many hold various certifications. They are collectively categorized under the group "Personal care workers in health services" in the International Standard Classification of Occupations, 2008 revision.〔World Health Organization. ''Classifying health workers: mapping occupations to the international standard classification''. Geneva, WHO, 2010.〕 == Types == The ''nursing assistant'', ''nursing auxiliary'', ''auxiliary nurse'', ''patient care technician'', ''home health aide/assistant'', ''geriatric aide/assistant'', ''psychiatric aide'', ''nurse aide'', or ''nurse tech'' are all common titles that are considered to be UAPs in many countries. In the United States, the ''certified nursing assistant'' (CNA) typically works in a nursing home or hospital, and performs everyday living tasks for the elderly, chronically sick, or rehabilitation patients who cannot care for themselves. There are some differences in scope of care across UAPs based on title and description. CNAs must become certified based on respective states' requirements. Although each state's requirements are a little different, the general requirements are listed below:〔Certified Nursing Exam Board ("Requirements to Become a CNA". ) Accessed 16 March 2014.〕 *Pass an accredited course. *Pass that state’s respective CNA exam. *Pass a practical exam that will monitor the ability to perform basic CNA activities. *Have a certain amount of on-duty experience while under supervision. *Register within the state in which the exams were performed. Once the above requirements are completed, the person will then be certified for that respective state. Moving to a different state, however, would require recertification in the new state, unless both states use the NNAAP standard.〔National Council of State Boards of Nursing. ("NNAAP Testing Standard". ) Accessed 16 March 2014.〕 In this case, the new state would accept previous NNAAP test scores and allow registration. These certification exams are distributed by the state. Classes to study for these exams are provided by the American Red Cross as well as other providers. The courses offered by the American Red Cross encompass all facets that are addressed in the state exams from communication to health terms to sensitivity.〔National Certified Nurse Assistant Resource ("CNA Resource". ) Accessed 11 March 2014.〕 Similar titles in the United Kingdom and elsewhere include ''healthcare assistant'', ''healthcare support worker'', or ''clinical support worker.'' These providers usually work in hospitals or community settings under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.〔National Health Service. (''NHS Careers in Detail: Healthcare assistants/auxiliary nurses''. ) Accessed 12 April 2011.〕 A home health aide (HHA) provides in-home care for patients who need assistance with daily living beyond what family or friends are capable of providing. Patients include those who have a physical or mental disability, are recovering from an injury or surgery, have a chronic illness, or are advanced in age. Training requirements to become an HHA are generally minimal and vary depending on the state. HHA training is available from various outlets such as:〔Home Health Aide training ("How to Get Home Health Aide Training". ) Accessed 16 March 2014.〕 *Home health care agencies *Community colleges *Vocational schools *Elder care programs *On the Job Training Personal support worker is the title for a similar type of health worker in the Province of Ontario in Canada. Some of the responsibilities and duties of a personal support worker include, but are not limited to:〔Personal Support Worker Canada. (''PSW Personal Support Worker Information''. ) Accessed 12 April 2011.〕 * Observing, documenting and reporting clinical and treatment information, including patients' behavioral changes * Assisting with motion exercises and other rehabilitative measures * Taking and recording blood pressure, temperature, pulse, respiration, and bodyweight * Assisting with ambulating and mobilization of patients * Collecting specimens for required medical tests * Providing emotional and support services to patients, their families and other caregivers * Assisting with personal hygiene * Assisting with meal preparation, grocery shopping, dietary planning, and food and fluid intake. Personal support work is unique among health care professions in that the scope of the PSW's duties does not extend beyond what the client could do him/herself, if the client were physically and cognitively able. No other profession's scope is similarly described.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About PSWs )〕 ''Surgical technologists'' are considered UAPs in the US, where they are also sometimes called "''Scrub tech''". However the title can mean different things in different countries. For example, in Mozambique, surgical technologists are medical professionals trained and registered to perform advanced clinical procedures including emergency surgery.〔Cumbi A et al. "Major surgery delegation to mid-level health practitioners in Mozambique: health professionals' perceptions." ''Human Resources for Health''; 2007, 5:27 〕 ''Birth assistants'', such as ''doulas'', ''childbirth educators'' and other persons providing emotional support and general care and advice to women and families during pregnancy and childbirth, are also typically considered UAPs. They are distinguished from midwives, physicians, nurses, and other professionals who are trained and licensed to provide basic and emergency pregnancy and childbirth-related health care services and manage complications. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unlicensed assistive personnel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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